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                    目录
            
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                    第一章    初识java
            
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                    1.2  java发展史
            
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                    1.3  Java的特点
            
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                    1.4  Java程序工作原理
            
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                    第二章    数据类型和运算符
            
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                    2.1  标识符和关键字
            
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                    2.2  变量和常量
            
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                    2.3  Java数据类型
            
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                    2.4  成员变量和局部变量
            
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                    2.5  Java运算符
            
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                    2.6  Java表达式
            
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                    2.7  本章练习
            
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                    第三章    流程控制
            
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                    3.1  if语句
            
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                    3.2  switch语句
            
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                    3.3  循环语句
            
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                    3.4  本章练习
            
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                    第四章    方法与数组
            
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                    4.1  方法
            
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                    4.2  数组
            
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                    4.3  二维数组
            
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                    4.4  本章练习
            
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                    第五章    String字符串
            
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                    5.1  String类
            
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                    5.2  String类的常用方法
            
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                    5.3  Java API文档的使用
            
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                    5.4  StringBuffer类
            
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                    5.5  本章练习
            
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                    第六章    类和对象
            
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                    6.1  类和对象概述
            
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                    6.2  Java类
            
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                    6.3  构造方法
            
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                    6.4  对象初始化过程
            
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                    6.5  重载
            
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                    6.6  本章练习
            
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                    第七章    包和访问控制
            
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                    7.1  Java包
            
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                    7.2  引用包
            
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                    7.3  访问权限
            
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                    7.4  static关键字
            
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                    7.5  本章练习
            
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                    第八章    继承和多态
            
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                    8.1  抽象和封装
            
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                    8.2  继承
            
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                    8.3  多态
            
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                    8.4  本章练习
            
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                    第九章    抽象类和接口
            
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                    9.1  抽象类
            
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                    9.2  接口
            
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                    9.3  本章练习
            
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                    第十章    排序算法
            
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                    10.1  排序算法
            
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                    10.2  本章练习
            
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                                <h2 id="12--java&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x53F2;">1.2  java&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x53F2;</h2>
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<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;1995&#x5E74;5&#x6708;23&#x65E5;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;Sun World&#x5927;&#x4F1A;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x516C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;Java&#x548C;HotJava&#x6D4F;&#x89C8;&#x5668;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F1A;&#x8BAE;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x7F51;&#x666F;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#xFF08;&#x5F53;&#x65F6;&#x8BE5;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x6D4F;&#x89C8;&#x5668;&#x5360;&#x636E;&#x6D4F;&#x89C8;&#x5668;&#x5E02;&#x573A;&#x4EFD;&#x989D;&#x7684;&#x7EDD;&#x5BF9;&#x9886;&#x5148;&#x5730;&#x4F4D;&#xFF09;&#x5BA3;&#x5E03;&#x5C06;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x6D4F;&#x89C8;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x652F;&#x6301;Java&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x5BF9;Java&#x7684;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;Java&#x5F88;&#x5FEB;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6781;&#x5177;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x6F5C;&#x529B;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x7EA7;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="122--jdk-10&#x53D1;&#x5E03;">1.2.2  JDK 1.0&#x53D1;&#x5E03;</h3>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;1995&#x5E74;&#xFF0C;Sun&#x63A8;&#x51FA;&#x7684;Java&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8981;&#x60F3;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x8981;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F3A;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x5E93;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x624D;&#x884C;&#x3002;<br>&#x2003;&#x2003;&#x5728;1996&#x5E74;1&#x6708;&#xFF0C;Sun&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x4E86;JDK 1.0&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E86;&#x4E24;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF1A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF08;&#x5373;JRE&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF08;&#x5373;JDK&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E86;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;API&#x3001;&#x96C6;&#x6210;API&#x3001;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x754C;&#x9762;API&#x3001;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x3001;Java&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#xFF08;JVM&#xFF09;&#x4E94;&#x4E2A;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x8FD8;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E86;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;Java&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#xFF08;&#x5373;javac&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5728;JDK 1.0&#x65F6;&#x4EE3;&#xFF0C;Java&#x5E93;&#x663E;&#x5F97;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5355;&#x8584;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x591F;&#x5B8C;&#x5584;&#x3002;&#x968F;&#x7740;JDK&#x7684;&#x9010;&#x6B65;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4E3A;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F3A;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5E93;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="123--java-2&#x95EE;&#x4E16;">1.2.3  Java 2&#x95EE;&#x4E16;</h3>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;1998&#x5E74;12&#x6708;&#xFF0C;Sun&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x4E86;Java&#x5386;&#x53F2;&#x4E0A;&#x6700;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;JDK&#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF1A;JDK1.2&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x201C;Java 2&#x201D;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x3002;&#x4ECE;JDK 1.2&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#xFF0C;Java&#x8E0F;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x98DE;&#x901F;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x671F;&#x3002;  </p>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;&#x5728;Java 2&#x65F6;&#x4EE3;&#xFF0C;Sun&#x5BF9;Java&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x9769;&#x547D;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x9769;&#x547D;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x6CBF;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;Java&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x6DF1;&#x8FDC;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x3002;  </p>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;Java 2&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7248;&#xFF08;J2SE&#xFF09;&#x3001;&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x7248;&#xFF08;J2EE&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x5FAE;&#x7F29;&#x7248;&#xFF08;J2ME&#xFF09;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><p>J2SE&#xFF1A;Java 2 Standard Edition&#xFF08;Java 2&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7248;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;J2SE&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x6784;&#x6210;Java&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x7C7B;&#x3001;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7C7B;&#x3001;&#x8F93;&#x5165;/&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7C7B;&#x3001;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x7C7B;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
<li><p>J2EE&#xFF1A;Java 2 Enterprise Edition&#xFF08;Java 2&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x7248;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;J2EE&#x5305;&#x542B;J2SE&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x7EA7;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;EJB&#x3001;Servlet&#x3001;JSP&#x3001;XML&#x3001;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
<li><p>J2ME&#xFF1A;Java 2 Micro Edition&#xFF08;Java 2&#x5FAE;&#x7F29;&#x7248;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;J2ME&#x5305;&#x542B;J2SE&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7C7B;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x7C7B;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x4EA7;&#x54C1;&#x7684;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x5BFB;&#x547C;&#x673A;&#x3001;&#x667A;&#x80FD;&#x5361;&#x3001;&#x624B;&#x673A;&#x3001;PDA&#x3001;&#x673A;&#x9876;&#x76D2;&#x3002;  </p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>  &#x2003;&#x2003;&#x6B64;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x4E86;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;Java&#x3002;  </p>
<p>  &#x2003;&#x2003;2000&#x5E74;5&#x6708;&#xFF0C;J2SE 1.3&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x3002;  </p>
<p>  &#x2003;&#x2003;2002&#x5E74;2&#x6708;&#xFF0C;J2SE 1.4&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="124--java-50&#x53D1;&#x5E03;">1.2.4  Java 5.0&#x53D1;&#x5E03;</h3>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;2004&#x5E74;9&#x6708;30&#x65E5;&#xFF0C;J2SE 1.5&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#xFF0C;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;Java&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x53F2;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x53C8;&#x4E00;&#x91CC;&#x7A0B;&#x7891;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8BE5;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;J2SE 1.5&#x66F4;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;Java SE 5.0&#x3002;  </p>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;&#x5728;Java 5.0&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x65B0;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x589E;&#x5F3A;for&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x62C6;&#x7BB1;&#x548C;&#x88C5;&#x7BB1;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x679A;&#x4E3E;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x9759;&#x6001;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x3002;</li>
<li>Annotation&#x6CE8;&#x89E3;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="125--jdk-70&#x53D1;&#x5E03;">1.2.5  JDK 7.0&#x53D1;&#x5E03;</h3>
<p>&#x2003;&#x2003;2011&#x5E74;7&#x6708;&#xFF0C;JDK 7.0&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#xFF0C;&#x5E26;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x539F;&#x6765;switch&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5305;&#x542B;byte&#x3001;short&#x3001;int&#x3001;char&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;7.0&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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